Report, “Throwing away our health: the impact of solid waste on human health – evidence, knowledge gaps, and health sector responses”, WHO, 16 December 2025

This document summarizes current knowledge on the links between solid waste and human health, focusing on municipal solid waste. It covers definitions of waste types, management practices and trends, and examines associated hazards, exposure pathways, and affected populations. The document reviews available epidemiological evidence and highlights research gaps. It underscores the need for sustainable, integrated waste management, stronger governance, and active engagement from the health sector to reduce health risks and inform evidence-based policy and practice.